晓竹天下 西学空间

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On Sophistical Refutations by Aristotle Translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge

Book I
1
LET us now discuss sophistic refutations, i.e. what appear to be refutations but are really fallacies instead. We will begin in the natural order with the first.

Topics by Aristotle translated by W. A. Pickard-Cambridge

Book I
1
OUR treatise proposes to find a line of inquiry whereby we shall be able to reason from opinions that are generally accepted about every problem propounded to us, and also shall ourselves, when standing up to an argument, avoid saying anything that will obstruct us. First, then, we must say what reasoning is, and what its varieties are, in order to grasp dialectical reasoning: for this is the object of our search in the treatise before us.

Posterior Analytics by Aristotle translated by G. R. G. Mure

Book I
1

Prior Analytics by Aristotle translated by A. J. Jenkinson

Book I
1
WE must first state the subject of our inquiry and the faculty to which it belongs: its subject is demonstration and the faculty that carries it out demonstrative science. We must next define a premiss, a term, and a syllogism, and the nature of a perfect and of an imperfect syllogism; and after that, the inclusion or noninclusion of one term in another as in a whole, and what we mean by predicating one term of all, or none, of another.

On Interpretation by Aristotle Translated by E. M. Edghill

1
First we must define the terms ‘noun’ and ‘verb’, then the terms ‘denial’ and ‘affirmation’, then ‘proposition’ and ‘sentence.’

Categories by Aristotle Translated by E. M. Edghill

1

Things are said to be named ‘equivocally’ when, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. Thus, a real man and a figure in a picture can both lay claim to the name ‘animal’; yet these are equivocally so named, for, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. For should any one define in what sense each is an animal, his definition in the one case will be appropriate to that case only.

Poetics by Aristotle Translated by S. H. Butcher

I
I PROPOSE to treat of Poetry in itself and of its various kinds, noting the essential quality of each, to inquire into the structure of the plot as requisite to a good poem; into the number and nature of the parts of which a poem is composed; and similarly into whatever else falls within the same inquiry. Following, then, the order of nature, let us begin with the principles which come first.

Rhetoric (or Ars Rhetorica, or The Art of Rhetoric or Treatise on Rhetoric) by Aristotle translated by W. Rhys Roberts

Book I
1

Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle translated by W. D. Ross

BOOK I
1

Metaphysics by Aristotle translated by W. D. Ross

Book I
1
ALL men by nature desire to know. An indication of this is the delight we take in our senses; for even apart from their usefulness they are loved for themselves; and above all others the sense of sight. For not only with a view to action, but even when we are not going to do anything, we prefer seeing (one might say) to everything else. The reason is that this, most of all the senses, makes us know and brings to light many differences between things.

Politics by Aristotle translated by Benjamin Jowett

BOOK ONE
I
EVERY STATE is a community of some kind, and every community is established with a view to some good; for mankind always act in order to obtain that which they think good. But, if all communities aim at some good, the state or political community, which is the highest of all, and which embraces all the rest, aims at good in a greater degree than any other, and at the highest good.